How to Make a Raspberry Pi Python Web Server
What is Python?
Python is a programming language. It's used for creating web applications and desktop apps alike. A general programming language, Python remains one of the top programming languages for beginners. Combined with Flask, a Python microframework, you can make your own Python-powered web server.
What you'll need for a Raspberry Pi Python web server:
- Raspberry Pi board
- 5V micro USB power supply
- microSD card
- Case (optional, recommended)
- Linux distribution (distro)
- Peripherals
- Python, Flask, pip
How to Make a Raspberry Pi Python Web Server
First off, open a new terminal (CTRL + ALT + T) and install Flask with:sudo apt-get install python3-flaskNext, make a fresh directory for this project:
mkdir pythonwebappNow change directories into this directory:
cd pythonwebappUnder the menu, open Python. Using File > New file open up a new window, and save it as app.py within the pythonwebapp project folder you just made.
Then, add some sample code:
from flask import FlaskHit CTRL + S to save, and back in a terminal window run:
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def index():
return 'Hello world'
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0')
python3 app.py
This executes the web server. If all went properly, you should see something similar to:
Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/In a browser, head to http://127.0.0.1:5000/ and you should see a screen with the words "Hellow world." You may also use http://localhost:5000/.
Restarting with reloader
With Python and Flask installed, you may add routes. For instance, open your app.py file and add a sample route:
@app.route('/cupofmoe')
def cupofmoe():
return 'Raspberry Pie!'
What specifically you put here will vary. Save that file, and head to http://127.0.0.1:5000/cupofmoe and you'll see the text you entered after "return."
For even more functionality, try adding HTML templates to your Raspberry Pi Python server. In a command line, navigate into your pythonwebapp folder:
cd pythonwebappThen, create a templates directory:
mkdir templatesOpen a text editor like Leafpad and enter your HTML code:
<html>Save that as index.html under the templates directory under the pythonwebapp directory.
<body>
<h1>Hello world!</h1>
</body>
</html>
Next, head to your app.py file and edit the first line so that it imports the render_template function:
from flask import Flask, render_templateWhen that's complete, edit the index view so that you're returning the HTML template you've created:
@app.route('/')
def index():
return render_template('index.html')
Save the file, and reload http://127.0.0.1:5000/ and you'll see whatever text was in your HTML template. Want to jazz up your Python web server even more? Add some CSS! Navigate into your pythonwebapp directory:
cd pythonwebappMake a directory named static:
mkdir staticOpen a text editor like Leafpad, and make a style.css file in your static directory. In this file, add some basic CSS such as:
body {
background: green;
color: black;
}
If you're feeling more creative, you can use hex codes instead of just color names. When you're finished, save the file. Head to your index.html file and add the CSS by creating a head tag with a link tag pointing to your stylesheet:<html>Save that HTML file, refresh your web page, and you should see the same text but with updated coloring.
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href='/static/style.css' />
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello world!</h1>
</body>
</html>
How to Build a Raspberry Pi Python Web Server: Final Thoughts
Overall, a Python web server with Flask running on a Raspberry Pi is ridiculously simple to create. It's easier than spinning up a Drupal or WordPress server, and about on par with making an NGINX server. A Python-based Raspberry Pi server may be as complex or barebones as you like. Using HTML and CSS, you may spice up your site, and it's easy to add new routes.What are you running on your Raspberry Pi?
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